The engineering of specific disease-relevant penetrant mutations in hiPSCs is particularly powerful in studying disorders in which such a mutation exists (e.g., FMR1 in Fragile X syndrome or TSC1/2 in tuberous sclerosis). However, hiPSCs can be also useful for studying complex genetic disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism. In these disorders, given sufficient sample size, the derivation of hiPSCs from populations of diseased individuals with appropriate controls can be equally powerful.
