expression of a particular gene (Stranger et al. 2007). The percentage of trait variance in hippocampal volume explained by the top genetic variant in ENIGMA1 was 0.27 % (Stein et al. 2012) although independent cohorts will be required to estimate the explained variance in the population at large. Finally, the top hit in one genome-wide analysis of traits correlated with cognition—such as educational attainment—explained 0.02 % of the variance (Rietveld et al. 2013).