an observation that the ORN elicited for the loss and neutral was larger than that of the gain condition, and the ORN was not affected by the magnitude of the bet. Interestingly, Yeung et al. [24] elicited ORNs in simple gambling tasks even when the participants made no active choices and made no overt actions. Further, Donkers et al. [25], using a simple slot-machine task, elicited the ORN for the subjective experience of loss and gain in the absence of active selection of choices. Masaki et al. [26] found that the interplay of preceding outcome and current choice influenced the ORN. They reported that the ORN amplitude was larger when the preceding outcome was gain and the current choice was 50 Yen (out of 50 and 10 Yen). Using a passive outcome paradigm, Potts et al. [27] found that the ORN trough was more negative (deeper) for the ‘unpredicted no-reward’ condition than the ‘predicted no-reward’ and ‘predicted reward’ conditions.
