According to Basar et al. [79], selectively distributed delta, theta, alpha and gamma oscillatory systems act as resonant communication networks through large populations of neurons, with functional relations to cognitive and integrative functions. Relating to this view, ERP components are shown to be partially determined by the superposition of oscillatory responses of various frequencies [80-84] through phase synchronization or ‘partial phase resetting’ in response to specific stimulus event(s) [85-88]. According to the phase-resetting model, ERP components do not simply emerge from evoked, fixed latency-fixed polarity responses that are additive to and independent of ongoing EEG (i.e., ‘additive model of ERP generation’), but instead, ERPs are generated by a superposition of ongoing EEG oscillations that reset their phases in response to sensory input (see Sauseng et al. [89] for a critical discussion of this debate). Generally, EROs are broadly categorized into either ‘evoked’ or ‘induced’. Phase-aligned ERO signals (during the trials of cognitive events) are called ‘evoked’ or ‘phase-locked’ oscillations, while the (remaining) signals that become ‘out-of-phase’ across trials are termed ‘induced’ or ‘non-phase-locked’ oscillations [90]. The combination of both evoked
