with the GWAS software, Genome-wide Efficient Mixed Model Association (GEMMA)12. After retaining genotypes with GP ≥ 0.9, individual genotyping missing rate < 5%, MAF > 3%, and missing call frequency < 5%, there were 8,200,853 and 5,916,265 remaining variants for Yale-Penn 1 and 2 EAs, respectively, and 14,134,502 and 10,346,266 variants for Yale-Penn 1 and 2 AAs, respectively.
