does not carry the same degree of risk for alcohol use initiation for Black girls as it does for White girls. Consistent with trends in the general population [13], living with a single parent was much more common for Black than White girls in the current study (57.6% vs. 18.6%). As a more normative household structure, it is possible that there is better parenting support in place (e.g., involvement of extended family) for single parents in Black families, and thus lower associated liability to alcohol use in Black vs. White youth.