Chunk #32 — Model — Genotypic Values — Additive × Additive Model without Dominance or Interactions Including Dominance

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Data and theory point to mainly additive genetic variance for complex traits.

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Hence V AA = 4a 2 p(1−p)q(1−q)a 2 = a 2 HpHq and VG = a 2(Hp+Hq−3HpHq),