high hepatic inflammatory foci have been found to be remarkably high in Mcp-1-null mice [38]. In the current model, we observed decreased intrahepatic levels of TNFα and MCP-1 in HFD-WT than the corresponding LFD-WT mice despite increased amounts of OPN and F4/80. These data suggest that there is a temporal change in the levels of hepatic cytokines in response to HFD where the decreased levels of TNFα and MCP-1 might actually follow earlier increases, as previously reported [37]. Furthermore, this temporal response in the liver may also differ from other organ response (e.g. fat tissues). Thus, the temporally different responses to HFD in liver, fat tissues, and muscles for oxidative stress and inflammation development should be further investigated to understand the underlying pathophysiological process.
