equivalently referred to as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells), have been extensively investigated as potential vectors for the restoration of myelin to the dysmyelinated brain and spinal cord (Goldman et al., 2012). These cells may be isolated from both adult and fetal human brain tissue (Armstrong et al., 1992; Dietrich et al., 2002; Nunes et al., 2003; Roy et al., 1999; Sim et al., 2011), as well as from pluripotential cells instructed to glial and oligodendrocyte progenitor phenotype (Douvaras et al., 2014; Hu et al., 2009; Izrael et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2011; Nistor et al., 2005; Stacpoole et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2013). In animal models, isolated glial progenitors derived from fetal tissue as well as from both human ESCs and hiPSCs are highly migratory, disperse throughout the neuraxis after intracerebral graft, and can differentiate as oligodendrocytes and myelinate dysmyelinated loci throughout the brain and spinal cord (Windrem et al., 2004). Perinatal transplantation of human OPCs into hypomyelinated shiverer mice, which normally die by 20 weeks, can rescue these animals and restore both normal CNS myelination and neurological phenotype, a capability that may provide a basis for their use in therapeutic remyelination across a broad range of demyelinating disorders
