agonist, lofexidine, reduces operant self-administration of alcohol by Wistar rats (Lé, Harding, Juzytsch, Funk, & Shaham, 2005), b) clonidine and another α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, guanfacine, decrease alcohol drinking by food-restricted rats selectively bred for alcohol drinking (descendants of the Finnish Alko Alcohol (AA) rats) (Opitz, 1990), c) depletion of brain norepinephrine decreases alcohol drinking (Amit, Brown, Levitan, & Ogren, 1977; Brown et al., 1977) and alcohol self-administration in unselected rats (Davis et al., 1978), and d) prazosin reduces acute withdrawal-induced operant self-administration of alcohol by alcohol-dependent Wistar rats (Walker, Rasmussen, Raskind, & Koob, 2008).
