al., this issue), pharmacological challenge (Wahlstrom et al., this issue), and stress reactivity (McCormick et al., this issue). It is different in ways that are consistent with studies of juvenile rodents (Doremus-Fitzwater et al., this issue) and non-human primates (Dahl & Forbes, this issue), and among males as well as females (Lenroot & Giedd, this issue). And it is different in ways that are consistent with the observations of behavioral scientists who study both normative development (Blakemore et al., this issue; Dahl & Forbes, this issue) and developmental psychopathology (Gotgay & Thompson, this issue).