al., 2013; Ransome & Gilman, 2016). However, when alcohol dependence occurs, AA have higher rates of recurrent and persistent alcohol dependence than EA (Breslau, Kendler, Su, Gaxiola-Aguilar, & Kessler, 2005; K. Chartier & Caetano, 2010; Dawson et al., 2005). In addition, AA reported a sharper increase in stimulation in an alcohol administration study (Pedersen & McCarthy, 2013), and experienced different neuroendocrine and inflammation responses due to alcohol misuse (Ransome, Slopen, Karlsson, & Williams, 2017, 2018). Furthermore, rates of alcohol-related diseases, mortality, and consequences are higher in AA (K. Chartier & Caetano, 2010; Flores et al., 2008; Polednak, 2007; Russo, Purohit, Foudin, & Salin, 2004; Sempos, Rehm, Wu, Crespo, & Trevisan, 2003; Shield et al., 2013; Yang, Vadhavkar, Singh, & Omary, 2008).
