and time constraints (Lewandowski and Small; 2005; Jayapal et al., 2008). For example, activation of microglia or macrophages increases the secretion of cathepsin S, but decreases the level of the transcript (Liuzzo et al., 1999). The important point is the the current experiments validated previous microarray findings by confirming a phenomenological link between molecular and behavioral changes. An understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the decreased alcohol consumption will require studies of neuronal or cellular function.
