Medical Center; University of Connecticut Health Science Center; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis; University of California at San Diego; University of Iowa, and Indiana University School of Medicine. Recruitment and assessment procedures have been described elsewhere (Reich, 1996; Begleiter et al., 1998; Edenberg et al., 2005), and are also available at this website: https://zork5.wustl.edu/niaaa/coga_instruments/resources.html. The experimental protocols were approved by each site’s institutional review board, and informed consent (for those over eighteen years of age) or assent (for those under eighteen years of age) was obtained from all participants.