Simulation results across conditions. Panel (A) depicts the mean percentage bias on the y-axis across the 11 simulation conditions on the x-axis. Error bars depict ±1 SD. Panels (B–L) depict the individual point estimates from the 100 simulations per condition across the 11 conditions. The red dashed line indicates the liability-scale h2 of 15% in the population. All panels depict the results from using ∑EffNk to account for cohort-specific ascertainment in green and the results from using vTotal for the liability correction in blue, which denotes using the total sample prevalence calculated using the aggregate number of cases and controls across cohorts. Because vTotal and ∑EffNk produced equivalent solutions for panels (B) and (L), the blue and green distributions are entirely overlapping.
