Enrolled ID patients were randomized into the active treatment group (n = 30) and sham treatment group (n = 30). As shown in Figure 1a, 20 active or sham sessions of left DLPFC rTMS stimulation were delivered over four consecutive weeks (five times/week). Sixty ID patients underwent behavioral assessments, resting‐state EEG recordings, and full‐night sleep polysomnography (PSG) recordings before and after active or sham rTMS treatment. Forty GSC were subjected to the same assessment. Behavioral assessments included the PSQI, ISI, ESS, BDI, BAI, MMSE, and MoCA.
