age and sex as covariates. Power calculations were done with the software QUANTO Version 1.2.3 [33] for common variants assuming a minor allele frequency MAF of 0.2 and α = 0.05 (two-sided). For both the family-based approach (761 trio families) and the validation sample of 1,323 cases and 588 controls the power estimates were larger than 80% to detect a log-additive genotype relative risk of 1.3. For the quantitative analyses in both population-based studies, the power estimate was larger than 80% to detect a standardized additive effect of 0.08. Thus, all samples were well powered to detect at least moderate to strong effect sizes of disease predisposing variants.
