Neurophysiological measures can potentially aid in prevention strategies. In a comprehensive review on trait markers for alcoholism, Farren and Tipton (1999) offer the possibility that electrophysiological markers, such as low EEG response to alcohol (e.g., Volavka et al. 1996) and reduced P3 wave (Porjesz et al. 2005), are good predictors of the development of later substance abuse in predisposed youths. The authors suggest that these measures therefore are potentially viable tools for identifying subgroups of vulnerable individuals and might be implemented in alcoholism prevention programs. Some of these electrophysiological measures have offered established tools to compare clinical outcomes, such as response to medication or treatment, in several psychiatric disorders (Hegerl and Herrmann 1990; Prichep and John 1992; Suffin and Emory 1995), including schizophrenia (Knott et al. 2000), depression (Bruder et al. 2008, 2013; Cook et al. 2005), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (Arns et al. 2008; Chabot et al. 1999), and alcoholism (Cristini et al. 2003; Saletu-Zyhlarz et al. 2004). For example, Ford and colleagues (1986) measured EEG coherence in individuals with paranoid schizophrenia, dysthymia, and affective disorder who received tricyclics, neuroleptics,
