Current research on conduct problems focuses heavily on psychopathic traits, labeled as “callous–unemotional” when referring to such traits in youth, which include reduced guilt, callousness, uncaring behavior, and reduced empathy. On the basis of this research, callous–unemotional traits have been added to the fifth edition of the DSM (DSM-5) as a specifier for the diagnosis of conduct disorder. (Given concerns about the potentially stigmatizing nature of the term “callous–unemotional,” this entity is instead indicated by the phrase “with limited prosocial emotions” in DSM-5.)
