Table 5 indicates that the elevated risk for alcohol problems among black and Hispanic drinkers is reduced most when racial/ethnic stigma is taken into consideration. That is, the AORs in model 3 (when stigma is included) appear to be lower than the AORs in the base model, and this reduction in the odds ratios is generally observed across all three levels of heavy drinking. The risk for alcohol dependence symptoms is particularly affected, as the odds ratios reduce to nonsignificance or marginal significancein three instances.
