Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) models were conducted to examine whether age of substance use onset predicts later alcohol abuse. Separate models were run for the dependent variables at each time of measurement. The between-subjects factors were tobacco use onset, regular drinking onset, and marijuana use onset. The dependent variables were frequency of drinking to get high, frequency of drinking to get drunk, and the MAST score. The dependence total score also was included as a dependent variable at Time 3. Listwise deletion was used to handle missing data. Only individuals who had complete data were included in the analyses.
