Gehring & Willoughby, 2002; Holroyd & Coles, 2002; Luu, Tucker, Derryberry, Reed, & Poulsen, 2003). However, whereas the ERN reflects an endogenous (internally-cued) error detection or action monitoring process, the FRN reflects the processing of external performance cues. As discussed below, these commonalities and distinctions make the FRN a potentially useful measure for further examining and clarifying underlying performance monitoring deficits associated with externalizing proneness.
