Reassuringly, the pattern of association signals is similar in both the UK Biobank and GIANT results (Fig. 4a–c), and the Z-scores at associated markers are highly correlated (r2 = 0.965; Fig. 4e). The gain in power in the UK Biobank cohort is clear, with many loci reaching genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) in the UK Biobank but not in the GIANT study (Fig. 4d, Supplementary Fig. 16); and Z-scores for associated markers are systematically higher in UK Biobank (regression slope = 1.369, Fig. 4e). Regions of association in the UK Biobank show patterns of signal expected given the linkage disequilibrium structure and recombination rates in the region (see Extended Data Fig. 5 for an example).
