The largest psychosocial study of children born through IVF is the Cardiff IVF study. Families who had a live birth following successful artificial reproductive treatment from any of the five conception groups described above were recruited from 19 clinics (18 UK clinics and one US clinic; Thapar et al., 2007). This study required that gamete donors and surrogates were unrelated to either rearing parent. Data were collected by mailed questionnaires sent to families by each participating clinic. Children were aged between 4–11 years (M = 6.8 years, SD = 1.24) at the time of assessment. The number of families in each conception group is: 444 homologous IVF, 210 IVF with sperm donation, 175 IVF with egg donation, 36 IVF with embryo donation, and 23 IVF with gestational surrogacy.
