within the ACC have specialized functions: i) the dorsal (pregenual) region of the ACC may be involved in cognitive aspects of decision making, including reward based decision making, error monitoring, anticipation, working memory, motor response, and novelty detection (Bush et al., 2000, 2002; Forman et al., 2004), and ii) the rostral (infragenual) ACC has been implicated in emotional processing (Bush et al., 2000) and error monitoring (Forman et al., 2004), perhaps due to its interconnections with the orbitofrontal cortex, limbic structures, motor cortex and autonomic and endocrine systems (Bush et al., 2000). Thus, both regions of the ACC may play a role in risky decision making and also involve cognitive (probability) as well as emotive (reward/penalty) functions. These regions are all interconnected with each other and with the prefrontal cortex (Brutus et al., 1986; Bush et al., 2000; Elliott, 1992), and appear to play a role in modulation of disinhibitory behaviors, error monitoring, reward sensitivity, and emotional valence (cf. Fishbein et al., 2005). In essence, activity within this network functions to attach emotional context and valence to cognitive cues. Neurocognitive tasks such as the gambling task used in our study which, apart from the cognitive evaluation of outcomes, also include
