unpublished earlier version of attention shifting scale, M. K. Rothbart, personal communication, 1992). Prior to forming the composite scores, 32 experts in the field rated how much each item reflected temperament versus behavior problems (1 = much better measure of temperament; 3 = not a better measure temperament or symptoms, substantial content for both; 5 = much better measure of symptoms than temperament). Items with a mean score of greater than 3.0 were considered to be contaminated and were eliminated (see Eisenberg et al., 2004). Two of the 11 original attention-shifting items were rated as better measures of maladjustment than temperament and were dropped. No items from the attention-focusing or inhibitory control scales were rated as contaminated. A similar procedure could not be used to eliminate items from the CBCL that might tap temperament because all items are included in Achenbach’s program that is used to calculate T scores (see Achenbach, 1991a, 1991b). If we deleted items, our T scores (i.e., groups) would not be comparable to those used by other researchers. Because we wanted to reduce the number of analyses and because reports of attention focusing and attention shifting were related at each assessment, rs for parents (207, 181,
