from higher and lower SES may not differ in their alcohol consumption, the latter group is more affected by negative alcohol-related consequences further complicated by race/ethnicity and gender (Collins, 2016). Future studies examining effects of FH should also consider the influence of such social determinants. 3) Lastly, because it is difficult to tease apart the extent of biological (e.g., genes) and psychosocial (e.g., rearing) influences of FH, the outcomes observed here may be due to the genetic transmission, psychosocial effects, or the interaction of both.
