In these select populations of Euro-American, African-American, and American Indians, the clinical course of antisocial behaviors does not differ by racial group, diagnostic category, or sex. However, the prevalence of individual symptom counts may differ by sex, race and diagnosis, most notably school suspensions/expulsions and arrests. Since school expulsions appear to occur more frequently in African American and Native Americans than EuroAmericans and school expulsions have been shown to be associated with higher rates of incarceration, this suggests further study of the possible role of racial and sex in the consequences associated with antisocial behavioral syndromes is warranted, and potential interventions for the prevention of school expulsions in high-risk racial groups should be considered.
