successfully genotyped at 5-HTTLPR. Target youth mean age was 11.7 years at the first assessment, 13.2 at the assessment of substance use initiation, 15.6 years at the time of genotyping base on Oragene collection, and 20.5 years at the time of epigenetic assessment based on a blood draw. At the first assessment, 42.06% lived below federal poverty standards. The proportion below the poverty standard was 56% at the time of epigenetic assessment. Of the youth in the final sample, 55% were female.
