Think Tank participants discussed methods that correct for bias and loss of power due to exposure measurement error in ways best suited for GxE and GEWIS studies [Cheng 2006; Cheng 2007; Wong, et al. 2004; Zhang, et al. 2008] The common trade-off between increased sample size and decreased quality of exposure data (or harmonizable exposure data) can be considered, and in some instances, the fully validated design may be optimal [Greenland 1988]. In most cases, main study/validation study designs [Greenland 1988; Holcroft and Spiegelman 1999; Spiegelman 2002] and main study/reliability study designs may be appropriate [Spiegelman D 1998]. The joint test, discussed above for use in discovery settings, has been shown to be less sensitive to bias from measurement error [Lindstrom, et al. 2009]. However, more research is needed to develop and evaluate methods that account for measurement error.
