However, there are important gaps in the literature that need to be addressed. First, the vast majority of studies use cross-sectional data and rely on retrospective questions (Panagiotidis et al., 2020, Vanderbruggen et al., 2020, Wardell et al., 2020), and therefore do not capture changes over time. This is particularly relevant because time-related issues, such as the duration or the strictness of the lockdown, as well as the period of the year, may play a role in shaping drinking patterns (Prati and Mancini, 2021).
