local GC content in all windows, and denote this value as rGC. In this study, rGC is calculated using all windows on chromosome 11. The WF score is defined as The first part of the equation is used to assign the sign of the SWF, to help differentiate waves of different directionality. The second part involves a median absolute deviation calculation, which is a similar measure to the commonly used average absolute deviation but is less affected by extreme values in the tail. Therefore, even in the presence of large CNVs in a genotyped sample, the effects on WF score will be reduced or eliminated since these regions are represented in the tail of the distribution.
