Participants in all studies were genotyped on genome-wide arrays. The majority of studies imputed their genotypes to the Haplotype Reference Consortium41 using the University of Michigan Imputation Server (see URLs)51. Several studies did not impute using the imputation server, due to data sharing restrictions, computational, and/or resource limitations (described in the Supplementary Note). All studies used either Minimac351 or IMPUTE252 for imputation.
