of our findings represents false positives is plausible. Therefore, our findings should be considered tentative, pending the outcome of attempted replications. Secondly, quantitative alcohol-related traits and disinhibitory symptoms were measured only among cases but not controls, so the values for these traits are not representative of the full variation in the population. Thus, the most meaningful replication of our study would be in population sample. Thirdly, although the LD patterns of the DA genes are compatible with the Hapmap CEPH population data, it remains possible that we lack complete coverage of common variation in our Irish sample. Additionally, the impact of rare functional polymorphisms was not assessed. Finally, we did not include all genes that affect dopaminergic tone, such as dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) and the monoamine oxidase (MAO) genes.