The role of specific alcoholic beverages—that is, wine, beer, or spirits—in ischaemic heart disease is still debated.11 12 13 14 The relation between ischaemic heart disease and the type of beverage consumed is often considered a proxy for more complex inter-relations between lifestyle, diet, and socioeconomic factors.15 16 17 Drinking patterns, however, cannot be summarised simply in terms of total intake and beverage preference.
