Total cellular RNA was isolated using Trizol Reagent (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's recommendations. An amount of 1 μg of DNAse1 (Invitrogen) -treated total RNA was used for cDNA synthesis using the iScript cDNA synthesis kit for PCR with reverse transcription (BioRad). Real-time PCR was performed using the SYBR Green Supermix (BioRad). The levels of expression of respective genes were normalized to corresponding GAPDH values and are shown as fold change relative to the value of the control sample. All samples were done in biological triplicate with a minimum of two technical replicates (n⩾5). The list of the primers used for real-time PCR experiments are listed in the Supplementary Table 5.
