These results provide a critical link between two previous AI-SUPERPFP reports, each of which compared this study's findings to the NCS baseline study. Manson and colleagues [6] showed that trauma exposure for these tribal samples was relatively high when compared others in the U.S., especially for women; Beals et al. [16] demonstrated that rates of lifetime PTSD surpassed those reported in NCS. Given that PTSD is the product of the probability of exposure and, given exposure, the conditional risk for PTSD, the current study supplies essential insights that help to explain elevated rates of PTSD in the AI-SUPERPFP samples.