Squeglia et al. (2012a). This paper by reports two studies. In the first, 20 AU youth (defined as heavy drinkers; 11 females; mean age 17 years; range 15–19) were compared with 20 non-AU youth (non-drinkers; 11 females; mean age = 17.6 years; range 15–19; matched for age, gender, pubertal development, and family history of alcohol use). Youth were evaluated with the same VWM paradigm reported in Tapert et al. (2004a). No group differences were observed on task performance. Compared with non-AU youth, AU youth showed higher BOLD signal in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), right MFG/superior frontal gyrus (SFG), right SFG and right inferior parietal lobule, and lower BOLD signal in the left middle occipital gyrus, during the VWM task. These regions were used as ROIs in the second study, which involved longitudinal scanning at two time points. All 40 participants in the second study (none of whom were involved in the first) had a baseline scan before any significant AU (aged 12–16 years) and a follow-up scan approximately 3 years later (aged 15–19 years). Participants were part of
