in the left DLPFC and right dACC compared to controls95. In addition, compared to healthy controls, cocaine users showed ACC and dorsomedial PFC hypoactivations while performing a letter discrimination task during the presentation of a set of pleasant (versus neutral) pictures and hyperactivations in the bilateral DLPFC during the presentation of unpleasant (versus pleasant) pictures96. Similarly, compared to healthy controls, marijuana smokers showed left ACC hypoactivations, and right DLPFC and inferior frontal gyrus hyperactivations in response to presentation of masked angry faces (versus neutral faces); right ACC responses positively correlated with frequency of drug use and bilateral ACC responses correlated with urinary cannabinoid levels and alcohol use97. By contrast, the left dACC was hyperactive in methamphetamine-dependent subjects compared to controls when judging emotional expression on faces in an affect matching task (versus judging the shape of abstract figures) and this was associated with more self-reported hostility and interpersonal sensitivity in the addicted subjects98.
