The craving items reproduced in Table 3 are not specific to withdrawal craving. This is because while deprivation typically increases craving [65], craving also occurs during on-going smoking [62, 66] and predicts smoking satisfaction [67, 68], and future ad libitum smoking [66, 69]. Withdrawal related craving is targeted by the recommended withdrawal criterion (see Table 3, Criterion 2). Finally, inclusion of a craving criterion harmonizes the DSM and ICD criteria (as the latter includes compulsion-to-use as a criterion).
