restructuring of the transcriptome in alcoholic PFC favoring GMs associated with an individual’s lifelong pattern of alcohol intake. Due to the unique composition of gene networks associated with lifetime consumption of alcohol, gene coexpression in the upper quartile is less preserved in controls than remaining groups (Fig. S5). Such a favorable arrangement of genes in the upper quartile could indicate an allostatic mechanism for repeated maladaptive alcohol consumption. Upper quartile GMs related to alcohol intake are mainly neuronal (Fig. 2d) and comprised of ontological categories for genes involving synaptic plasticity, ion channel function, transmembrane transporters, and intracellular signaling molecules (Fig. 2e, Table S2).