by education within each race are much larger than the overall racial differences. For example, the mortality rate for white men with 8 years of education or less was almost nine times greater than that of their peers with 17 or more years of education.52 Complex patterns emerged when race and SES were considered simultaneously. Among men, residual effects of race in which blacks had elevated mortality risk were evident at five of the six education levels.52 Among women, blacks had higher mortality rates than whites at the three highest education levels while the pattern was reversed at the lower levels of education.
