Mortality rates since baseline and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for participants who reported being current, past, and never-smokers at baseline; these were indirectly standardised for age to the person-year distribution of the whole cohort population [15], and were presented separately for men and women. Hazard ratios (which are equivalent to, and described here as relative risks [RRs]) for mortality in men and women were estimated separately for men and women and according to birth cohorts with sufficient amounts of data, using Cox regression modelling, in which the underlying time variable was age. Estimates are shown initially accounting for age only (automatically adjusted for as the underlying time variable). Models are then presented adjusted for additional covariates derived from baseline questionnaire and participant location data, including education (<secondary school, secondary school graduation, trade/apprenticeship/certificate/diploma, university graduate); annual pre-tax household income (AUD <$20,000, $20,000–$39,999, $40,000–$69,999, ≥$70,000); region of residence (major cities, inner regional areas, outer regional/remote areas); alcohol consumption (0, 1–14, ≥15 alcoholic drinks/week), and body mass index (BMI) (<20, 20–24.99, 25–29.99, ≥30 kg/m2). Missing values for covariates other than smoking
