Previous research has shown variability in prevalence estimates between differentially defined CPA reports. Carlin et al. (1994) reported of the 28.4% of women who were found to meet criteria for CPA, defined as endorsing any major assault question on the Emotional and Physical Abuse Questionnaire before the age of 18, only 11.4% considered themselves as physically abused. Conversely, only 1% of respondents endorsed physical abuse without endorsing any behaviorally assessed items. Silvern and colleagues (2000) compared individual endorsement of CPA as measured by the Conflict Tactics Scale (research-defined abuse) and self-defined abuse. Results again suggested higher rates for research-defined CPA (19.6%) with only 8.8% of these women self-defining as CPA survivors; only 1% of women self-defined as CPA survivors without meeting criteria for research-defined physical abuse. However, whether the CPA endorsement patterns also differ in their associations with substance use or other psychiatric disorders has not yet been studied. Research on CSA has revealed different associations with alcohol-related constructs for trauma checklist versus specific behavior questions. Sartor and colleagues (Sartor et al., 2012) found that women who endorsed CSA on
