Separately for males and females, absolute mortality rates for Australian smokers and non-smokers for age group i (45–54, 55–64, and 65–74 years) were estimated by Mi/(1 + (RR − 1)Pi) for non-smokers and RR times this for smokers [16] (where Mi and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {\mathrm{P}}_i $$\end{document}Pi represent 2010/2011 Australian population mortality rates and smoking prevalence estimated from other sources, respectively [17,18], and RR represents all-cause current smoker versus never-smoker RRs estimated in the current study). From these rates, cumulative risks of death for non-smokers and smokers at age x (55, 65, or 75 years) from age 45 were estimated by \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ 1 - \exp \Big(-10{\displaystyle {\sum}_{\mathrm{i}=\left(45-54\right)}^{\mathrm{x}}{\mathrm{MR}}_{\mathrm{i}}\Big)} $$\end{document}1−exp(−10∑i=45−54xMRi) (where MRi is either the smoker or non-smoker mortality rate for age group i) [19].
