Also, it is noteworthy that the set of variables associated with the initiation of drinking behavior may not be the same as those related to problematic use. Externalizing problems, antisocial behavior, and peer influences appear to be more strongly associated with the exposure and initial use of alcohol, while family history of alcoholism and parental psychopathology may play a more salient role in transition to dependence (Fite et al. 2006; Pagan et al. 2006; Rhee et al. 2003; Rose et al. 2001, 2004).
