and rats suggest an association between genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of the CRF and CRF1 receptor genes and alcohol drinking (Barr et al., 2009; Barr et al., 2008; Blomeyer et al., 2008; Hansson et al., 2006; Schmid et al., 2010). Collectively, these findings indicate that genetic variations in the Crf and the CrfR1 genes interact with stressful life events to influence age of drinking onset, progression of heavy drinking in adulthood, and general vulnerbaility to alcohol dependence.
