psychopathology was also assessed using self-report. However, the use of self-report measures is common in studies examining adolescent emotion regulation (Sim and Zeman 2005; Southam-Gerow and Kendall 2000; Zeman et al. 2002), and in the current school-based study was the only option available to us for assessing this construct. In addition, we focused specifically on response-focused emotion regulation processes in this study. The extent to which stressful life events—particularly experiences of rejection and victimization—are associated with disruptions in antecedent-focused emotion regulation processes represents an important goal for future research. Finally, our results are observational and warrant replication in experimental studies to rule out confounding factors and reverse causality. For example, adolescents who are aggressive are more likely to contribute to the generation of stressful events in their lives, particularly non-interpersonal stressors (Rudolph et al. 2000). Future experimental studies are needed to evaluate whether stress exposure does, indeed, lead to changes in emotion dysregulation and aggressive behavior. Finally, the final models explained about 22% of the variance in aggressive behavior at Time 3, suggesting the importance of other risk factors in shaping adolescent aggressive behavior. In addition to the well-established social information processing deficits that have been shown to predict aggression,
