do not host any known small RNAs according to the UCSC Genome Database sno/miRNA repository, 5) human ESTs from the dbEST division of Genbank (NCBI) [71] that were submitted by RIKEN (Japan) and that mapped beyond 10 kb from any protein-coding gene, and 6) manually annotated lncRNAs from human sense-antisense pairs [72], [73]. The majority of validated, literature-supported, non-hypothetical (Genbank identifier series: NM) RefSeq protein-coding genes are supported by full-length cDNAs. Gencode applies a unified set of manual annotation and targeted validation standards to uniformly assign biotypes to all transcripts and genes throughout its coding and non-coding gene collections, precluding lncRNA-specific quality control bias.
