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Chunk #6 — Method and materials — Measures — Exposure to traumatic experiences

Source
Post-traumatic stress disorder associated with natural and human-made disasters in the World Mental Health Surveys.
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Part II respondents were asked about lifetime exposure to each of 27 different types of traumatic experiences (TEs) in addition to two open-ended questions about exposure to ‘any other’ TE and to a ‘private’ TE the respondent did not want to name. Respondents were presented with a TE list and asked to report lifetime exposure to each type. Positive responses were followed by probes to assess the number of lifetime exposures and age at first exposure to each type. Missing values were rare because the surveys were interviewer-administered, but were coded conservatively as indicating that the TE did not occur. A total of n = 14 127 respondents reported lifetime exposure to at least one TE. Exploratory factor analysis found six broad correlated groups of TEs: four of exposure to organized violence (e.g. civilian in a war zone, relief worker in a war zone, refugee); five related to participation in organized violence (e.g. combat experience, saw atrocities); three of exposure to interpersonal violence (witnessed violence at home as a child, beaten by a caregiver as a child, beaten by someone